Understanding High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Diagnosis Example
After monitoring their blood pressure at home for two weeks, Russel recorded consistent readings of 140/90. After reviewing the results, their primary care provider diagnosed hypertension and recommended lifestyle changes before considering medication.
How Common Is High Blood Pressure in Canada?
• Approximately 6 million Canadian adults have high blood pressure.
• This represents 19% of the adult population.
• About 17% of affected Canadians do not know they have the condition.
• Only 66% of those diagnosed have their blood pressure properly treated and controlled.
Why Uncontrolled High Blood Pressure Is Dangerous
Long-term high blood pressure can damage several vital organs and body systems, including:
- Heart – Can lead to heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, and irregular heart rhythms.
• Brain – Increases the risk of stroke, bleeding in the brain, cognitive decline, and Alzheimer’s disease.
• Blood Vessels – May cause narrowing of arteries and peripheral vascular disease.
• Kidneys – Can reduce kidney function and contribute to chronic kidney disease.
Symptoms and Warning Signs
Possible symptoms associated with complications of high blood pressure include:
- Chest pain or discomfort during activity or stress
• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling in the legs
• Irregular heartbeat or palpitations
• Signs of stroke, such as sudden weakness or confusion
Lifestyle Changes to Lower Blood Pressure
Many people can reduce blood pressure without medication through healthy habits, including:
- Maintain a healthy body weight
• Eat a balanced, low-fat diet
• Reduce salt intake by avoiding high-sodium foods
• Read food labels and monitor sodium content
• Exercise regularly
• Avoid smoking
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Reduce caffeine intake
Conclusion
Making positive lifestyle changes can significantly lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of serious health complications. For many people, these steps are the first and most effective defense against hypertension.
